A&P Exam Information:
Introduction to the Body:
Day 1:
-Identify your leadership style through a teamwork scenario & create a plan for improvement
Must Know: 7 Survival Skills
Day 2:
-Name the 6 levels of structural organization of the human body, & explain how they're related
-Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system -Distinguish between the 8 functions that humans must perform to maintain life
-List the 5 survival needs of the human body
Must Know: organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism, atom // integumentary, muscular, skeletal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, immune, lymphatic, endocrine, nervous // maintain boundary, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth // oxygen, water, pressure, temperature, nutrients
Day 3:
-Verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position.
-Use proper anatomical terminology to make directional references, name body surfaces (regions & landmarks), and identify major body cavities.
Must Know: p. 14: anatomical position // p. 15: superior, inferior, ventral, dorsal, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, intermediate, proximal, distal, superficial, deep // p. 16-17: abdominal, axillary, brachial, carpal, cervical, coxal, deltoid, digital, femoral, frontal, nasal, oral, orbital, patellar, pelvic, pubic, sternal, tarsal, thoracic, umbilical, gluteal, lumbar, occipital, popliteal, scapular, vertebral // p. 20-22: dorsal, ventral, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal
Day 4:
-Describe a cell. Discuss the role of each organelle within the cell.
-Describe the cell cycle and the stages of mitosis.
-Define neoplasm, benign & malignant, & explain causes & risk factors for cancer.
Must Know: p. 64-75: Nucleus, DNA, nuclear membrane, nucleoli, chromatin, chromosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, rough ER/smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, microvilli // p. 81-83: Interphase, mitotis, cytokinesis, prophase, mitotic spindle, metaphase, anaphase, telophase // p. 101-104: neoplasm, benign, malignant, metastasis, carcinogens, mutations, tumor, chemotherapy, radiation
-Identify your leadership style through a teamwork scenario & create a plan for improvement
Must Know: 7 Survival Skills
Day 2:
-Name the 6 levels of structural organization of the human body, & explain how they're related
-Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system -Distinguish between the 8 functions that humans must perform to maintain life
-List the 5 survival needs of the human body
Must Know: organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism, atom // integumentary, muscular, skeletal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, immune, lymphatic, endocrine, nervous // maintain boundary, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth // oxygen, water, pressure, temperature, nutrients
Day 3:
-Verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position.
-Use proper anatomical terminology to make directional references, name body surfaces (regions & landmarks), and identify major body cavities.
Must Know: p. 14: anatomical position // p. 15: superior, inferior, ventral, dorsal, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, intermediate, proximal, distal, superficial, deep // p. 16-17: abdominal, axillary, brachial, carpal, cervical, coxal, deltoid, digital, femoral, frontal, nasal, oral, orbital, patellar, pelvic, pubic, sternal, tarsal, thoracic, umbilical, gluteal, lumbar, occipital, popliteal, scapular, vertebral // p. 20-22: dorsal, ventral, cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal
Day 4:
-Describe a cell. Discuss the role of each organelle within the cell.
-Describe the cell cycle and the stages of mitosis.
-Define neoplasm, benign & malignant, & explain causes & risk factors for cancer.
Must Know: p. 64-75: Nucleus, DNA, nuclear membrane, nucleoli, chromatin, chromosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, rough ER/smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, microvilli // p. 81-83: Interphase, mitotis, cytokinesis, prophase, mitotic spindle, metaphase, anaphase, telophase // p. 101-104: neoplasm, benign, malignant, metastasis, carcinogens, mutations, tumor, chemotherapy, radiation
Integumentary System:
Day 5 & Day 6:
-Identify the basic structure (3 major layers) and components of the skin.
-Describe how several important functions of the skin are accomplished.
-Differentiate 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns by damage to skin layers and appearance.
-Use the “rule of nines” to determine the extent of a critical burn
-Describe the physiological problems occurring with critical burns and explain the appropriate treatment options.
Must Know: p. 112-123: integumentary system, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, subcutaneous tissue, Table 4.1 Functions, melanin, melanocytes, papillary layer, reticular layer, decubitous ulcers, sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glands (eccrine/apocrine), hair follicles // p. 124-125: burn, rule of nines, first-, second-, and third-degree burns, circulatory shock, pathogens, dehydration
-Identify the basic structure (3 major layers) and components of the skin.
-Describe how several important functions of the skin are accomplished.
-Differentiate 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns by damage to skin layers and appearance.
-Use the “rule of nines” to determine the extent of a critical burn
-Describe the physiological problems occurring with critical burns and explain the appropriate treatment options.
Must Know: p. 112-123: integumentary system, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, subcutaneous tissue, Table 4.1 Functions, melanin, melanocytes, papillary layer, reticular layer, decubitous ulcers, sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glands (eccrine/apocrine), hair follicles // p. 124-125: burn, rule of nines, first-, second-, and third-degree burns, circulatory shock, pathogens, dehydration
Skeletal System:
-Explain the major structures and functions of the Skeletal System.
-Label the major bones of the skeletal system.
-Differentiate between the different classifications of joints.
-Compare and contrast between an ankle sprain and an ankle strain by identifying the involved tendons, bones, and ligaments.
-Distinguish between the different types of fractures and in which populations those fractures most commonly occur.
-Explain how nutrition and exercise activities impact bone strength.
-Explain how to treat common bone injuries.
Reference this study guide from Day 2. (This does NOT include Day 1. You will need to use your own notes for Day 1.)
Must Know: Joints, Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses, Fibrous Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Synovial Joint, Cartilage, Sprain, Strain, Tendon, Ligament, PBM, Protection, Support, Storage, Blood Cell Formation, Movement, Impacted Fracture, Spiral Fracture, Compressed Fracture, Greenstick Fracture, Open Fracture, Incomplete Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, Displaced Fracture.
-Label the major bones of the skeletal system.
-Differentiate between the different classifications of joints.
-Compare and contrast between an ankle sprain and an ankle strain by identifying the involved tendons, bones, and ligaments.
-Distinguish between the different types of fractures and in which populations those fractures most commonly occur.
-Explain how nutrition and exercise activities impact bone strength.
-Explain how to treat common bone injuries.
Reference this study guide from Day 2. (This does NOT include Day 1. You will need to use your own notes for Day 1.)
Must Know: Joints, Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses, Fibrous Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Synovial Joint, Cartilage, Sprain, Strain, Tendon, Ligament, PBM, Protection, Support, Storage, Blood Cell Formation, Movement, Impacted Fracture, Spiral Fracture, Compressed Fracture, Greenstick Fracture, Open Fracture, Incomplete Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, Displaced Fracture.
Muscular System:
-Label the major muscles of the muscular system.
-Compare and contrast between the 3 different muscle types (structure and function). (p. 182 in e-text; Video)
-Explain the different muscle functions. (p. 185 in e-text)
-Explain how skeletal muscles work. (Video + p. 197 in e-text)
-Explain how nutrition and exercise activities impact different muscles. (Article #1 & Article #2)
-Explain how steroids affect the body.
MUST KNOW: Smooth muscles, Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, Movement, Stabilization, Posture, Heat, Names of major muscles, involuntary muscles, voluntary muscles, uninucleate, multinucleate, steroids
-Compare and contrast between the 3 different muscle types (structure and function). (p. 182 in e-text; Video)
-Explain the different muscle functions. (p. 185 in e-text)
-Explain how skeletal muscles work. (Video + p. 197 in e-text)
-Explain how nutrition and exercise activities impact different muscles. (Article #1 & Article #2)
-Explain how steroids affect the body.
MUST KNOW: Smooth muscles, Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, Movement, Stabilization, Posture, Heat, Names of major muscles, involuntary muscles, voluntary muscles, uninucleate, multinucleate, steroids
Nervous System:
Prof Stevens Case Handout
Physiology (Day 1)
Pathophysiology (Day 2)
I. Identify the causes, symptoms(effects), and treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (p.252-253)
II. Describe the general functions of the nervous system (p. 226-227)
III. Define CNS & PNS & differentiate between the structures and functions of each (p. 227-228)
IV. Identify the important anatomical regions of a neuron (p. 230-232)
V. Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another (p. 2350238)
VI. Name the three meningeal layers, and state their functions (p. 247-249)
VII. Identify the four major regions of the human brain and indicate functions of each (p. 240-247)
Physiology (Day 1)
Pathophysiology (Day 2)
I. Identify the causes, symptoms(effects), and treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (p.252-253)
II. Describe the general functions of the nervous system (p. 226-227)
III. Define CNS & PNS & differentiate between the structures and functions of each (p. 227-228)
IV. Identify the important anatomical regions of a neuron (p. 230-232)
V. Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another (p. 2350238)
VI. Name the three meningeal layers, and state their functions (p. 247-249)
VII. Identify the four major regions of the human brain and indicate functions of each (p. 240-247)
Respiratory System:
- Describe the primary functions of the respiratory system (p. 436)
- Identify the structures that conduct air to the lungs, and describe their functions. (p. 436-443)
- Describe the
structure and function of the respiratory membrane. (p. 444-445)
- Describe the physical principles governing the movement of air into the lungs and the actions of the respiratory muscles. (p. 445-447)
- Define the respiratory volumes and capacities measured with a spirometer. (p. 448)
- Describe the
symptoms and probable causes of COPD and lung cancer (p. 455-458)
-
Describe the normal changes
in the respiratory system that occur in respiratory system functioning from
infancy to old age (p. 458-460)
Cardiovascular System:
"Anatomy of the Heart" 356-363
Chambers: Atrium & Ventricle (L&R)
Vessels: Vena cava (Inferior & Superior), Aorta, Pulmonary veins & arteries (L&R)
Circulation: Systemic vs. Pulmonary circulation
Valves: Bicuspid & tricuspid atrioventricular (AV) valves, Pulmonary & Aortic semilunar valves
Pathophysiology: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction
“Physiology of the Heart” 363-366
Conduction: SA Node, AV Node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle (bundle of His)
Pathophysiology: Ischemia, fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia
Cardiac Cycle: Systole & Diastole
“Blood Vessels” 370-373
Vessels: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, varicose veins
"Physiology of Circulation" 383-387
Circulation: pulse, blood pressure, systolic & diastolic pressure, hypotension, circulatory shock, hypertension, auscultatory method
Objectives:
Chambers: Atrium & Ventricle (L&R)
Vessels: Vena cava (Inferior & Superior), Aorta, Pulmonary veins & arteries (L&R)
Circulation: Systemic vs. Pulmonary circulation
Valves: Bicuspid & tricuspid atrioventricular (AV) valves, Pulmonary & Aortic semilunar valves
Pathophysiology: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction
“Physiology of the Heart” 363-366
Conduction: SA Node, AV Node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle (bundle of His)
Pathophysiology: Ischemia, fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia
Cardiac Cycle: Systole & Diastole
“Blood Vessels” 370-373
Vessels: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, varicose veins
"Physiology of Circulation" 383-387
Circulation: pulse, blood pressure, systolic & diastolic pressure, hypotension, circulatory shock, hypertension, auscultatory method
Objectives:
- Identify the heart’s major chambers and vessels on a diagram
- Identify the elements of the intrinsic conduction system and describe the process conduction in a heart beat
- Compare & contrast the structure & function of arteries, veins, & capillaries
- Explain the concept of blood pressure and it’s relation to cardiovascular function
Digestive System:
Mouth (466): uvula, tongue, soft & hard palate, lingual frenulum
Salivary Glands (476): 4 functions of saliva, bolus, salivary amylase
Food Ingestion & Breakdown (480): What parts of digestion occur in the mouth?
Pharynx & Esophagus (467): oropharynx & largyngopharynx, peristalsis, gullet, mucosa layer
Food Propulsion--Swallowing & Peristalsis (480-482): buccal & pharyngealesophogeal phase, how swallowing occurs
Stomach (467-470): pg 470-parietal cells, HCl, chief cells pepsinogen, chyme
Activities of the Stomach (482-483): gastric juice, gastrin, what causes heartburn, Fig 14.15, what happens in the stomach
Small Intestine (470-473): duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreatic duct, bile duct, brush border
Activities of Small Intestine (483-487): what happens in the small intestine, pancreatic juice (& the 4 things it breaks down)
Large Intestine (473-474): cecum, ileum, transverse, ascending & decending parts, appendix
Activities of the Large Intestine (487-488): what happens in the large intestine, feces, mass movements, what causes diarrhea & constipation
Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas (476): function of each organ, how they work together
Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism (496): role of the liver in digestion
Salivary Glands (476): 4 functions of saliva, bolus, salivary amylase
Food Ingestion & Breakdown (480): What parts of digestion occur in the mouth?
Pharynx & Esophagus (467): oropharynx & largyngopharynx, peristalsis, gullet, mucosa layer
Food Propulsion--Swallowing & Peristalsis (480-482): buccal & pharyngealesophogeal phase, how swallowing occurs
Stomach (467-470): pg 470-parietal cells, HCl, chief cells pepsinogen, chyme
Activities of the Stomach (482-483): gastric juice, gastrin, what causes heartburn, Fig 14.15, what happens in the stomach
Small Intestine (470-473): duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreatic duct, bile duct, brush border
Activities of Small Intestine (483-487): what happens in the small intestine, pancreatic juice (& the 4 things it breaks down)
Large Intestine (473-474): cecum, ileum, transverse, ascending & decending parts, appendix
Activities of the Large Intestine (487-488): what happens in the large intestine, feces, mass movements, what causes diarrhea & constipation
Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas (476): function of each organ, how they work together
Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism (496): role of the liver in digestion
Reproductive System: